Amazon Cognito

Amazon Cognito is a fully managed authentication and authorization service that provides: ✔ User authentication – Sign-up, sign-in, and multi-factor authentication (MFA). ✔ Authorization & access control – Assigns IAM roles dynamically to users. ✔ Federated Identity Management – Supports SSO with external providers (Google, Facebook, Okta, etc.). ✔ Secure token handling – Issues JWT, OAuth, and OpenID Connect (OIDC) tokens.

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🔹 Key Components of Amazon Cognito

Component	Purpose
User Pools	Manages user authentication (Sign-up, Sign-in, MFA).
Identity Pools	Grants AWS resource access based on user identity.
Federated Authentication	Allows users to log in via Google, Facebook, SAML, or OpenID.
Security & Compliance	Supports MFA, password policies, encryption, and compliance (HIPAA, PCI DSS).

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🔹 SecureCart Use Case: Implementing Cognito for Customer Authentication

SecureCart, an e-commerce platform, wants to simplify authentication while ensuring security and scalability.

✅ SecureCart’s Requirements: ✔ Customers can sign up and log in using email/password or social logins (Google, Facebook). ✔ Implement MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) for sensitive actions (checkout, profile updates). ✔ Use Amazon Cognito User Pools for authentication. ✔ SecureCart's backend APIs must only be accessible to authenticated users. ✔ Use Amazon Cognito Identity Pools to grant temporary AWS resource access.

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🔹 Step-by-Step Implementation for SecureCart

1️⃣ Create a Cognito User Pool for Customer Authentication

✅ Steps:

1. Navigate to Amazon Cognito → Create User Pool.

2. Set up User Attributes (Email, Phone, Name, etc.).

3. Enable Self-Service Sign-Up and enforce password policies.

4. Configure MFA & Account Recovery.

5. Enable OAuth 2.0 Authorization for third-party logins.

6. Create an App Client for SecureCart’s frontend.

🔹 Why User Pools? ✔ Manages authentication securely. ✔ Provides MFA, password resets, and account recovery. ✔ Supports JWT tokens for API access.

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2️⃣ Enable Social Logins & Third-Party Authentication (Optional)

SecureCart allows customers to log in via Google and Facebook.

✅ Steps:

1. Go to Cognito User Pool → Identity Providers.

2. Configure Google & Facebook OAuth Credentials.

3. Map social login attributes (name, email, etc.).

4. Update the App Client Settings to support federated logins.

🔹 Why Use Federated Authentication? ✔ Increases conversion rates (easier login). ✔ Reduces password management burden.

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3️⃣ Configure Identity Pool for AWS Resource Access

SecureCart uses Amazon Cognito Identity Pools to grant temporary access to AWS resources.

✅ Steps:

1. Navigate to Amazon Cognito → Create Identity Pool.

2. Enable User Pool Authentication (Link User Pool).

3. Define IAM Roles for authenticated vs. unauthenticated users.

4. Attach IAM Policies to restrict S3, API Gateway, or DynamoDB access.

🔹 Use Case: ✔ Authenticated users can access SecureCart APIs and retrieve order history. ✔ Unauthenticated users can browse product catalogs, but not place orders.

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4️⃣ Secure SecureCart API Gateway with Cognito Authorizer

SecureCart’s backend APIs must be accessible only to authenticated users.

✅ Steps:

1. Navigate to Amazon API Gateway → Create a new Authorizer.

2. Select Cognito User Pool as the authentication source.

3. Attach the Cognito Authorizer to SecureCart’s API methods (GET /orders).

4. Validate the JWT token on API requests.

🔹 Why Use Cognito with API Gateway? ✔ Blocks unauthorized access to SecureCart’s APIs. ✔ Uses JWT tokens for secure API authentication. ✔ No need for custom authentication logic.

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5️⃣ Enforce Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for High-Risk Actions

SecureCart requires MFA when updating payment details.

✅ Steps:

1. Go to Cognito User Pool → MFA & Advanced Security.

2. Select SMS-based MFA or TOTP (Google Authenticator).

3. Set MFA as Required or Optional based on user risk level.

🔹 Why MFA? ✔ Prevents unauthorized transactions. ✔ Meets PCI DSS compliance.

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🔹 Summary

✔ Amazon Cognito User Pools → Handles sign-up, login, social authentication. ✔ Amazon Cognito Identity Pools → Grants temporary AWS resource access. ✔ API Gateway Cognito Authorizer → Secures SecureCart’s backend APIs. ✔ MFA & Security Best Practices → Protects customer accounts from breaches.