AWS Global Infrastructure & Distributed Design

SecureCart’s e-commerce platform must ensure global availability, low latency, and data redundancy. AWS Global Infrastructure enables SecureCart to deploy scalable, fault-tolerant architectures that remain operational even during failures.

✔ Why does SecureCart leverage AWS Global Infrastructure & Distributed Design?

• Ensures high availability (HA) with multi-AZ and multi-region deployments.

• Optimizes performance using edge locations and CDN caching.

• Enhances database reliability using Multi-AZ RDS & DynamoDB Global Tables.

• Provides failover mechanisms with Route 53 & Global Accelerator.

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🔹 Step 1: Understanding AWS Global Infrastructure

✔ AWS Global Infrastructure consists of the following key components:

AWS Infrastructure Component	Purpose	SecureCart Use Case
AWS Regions	Independent geographical locations with multiple data centers.	Deploys multi-region application instances for global users.
Availability Zones (AZs)	Isolated data centers within a region for redundancy.	Ensures database & application services remain available even if one AZ fails.
Amazon Route 53	Global DNS with traffic routing and failover capabilities.	Directs users to the nearest AWS Region for low latency.
AWS Edge Locations	Distributes cached content closer to users.	Uses CloudFront for faster delivery of product images and API responses.
AWS Global Accelerator	Routes traffic through optimized AWS network paths.	Improves checkout latency by routing users to the fastest available region.
AWS Direct Connect	Provides a dedicated private connection to AWS.	Secures and accelerates warehouse-to-cloud transactions.

✅ Best Practices: ✔ Distribute workloads across multiple AZs to prevent failures. ✔ Use Route 53 for latency-based routing and failover protection. ✔ Cache frequently accessed data using CloudFront edge locations.

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🔹 Step 2: Multi-AZ RDS for Database High Availability

✔ Why? – SecureCart ensures continuous database availability using Amazon RDS Multi-AZ replication.

Feature	Purpose	SecureCart Implementation
Multi-AZ RDS	Provides automatic database failover to a standby instance in a different AZ.	Ensures order and transaction data remains available during AZ failures.
Read Replicas	Improves database performance by distributing read traffic.	Offloads heavy product search queries to read replicas.
Automated Backups	Ensures data durability and point-in-time recovery.	Protects against accidental deletions by retaining snapshots.

✅ Best Practices: ✔ Enable Multi-AZ deployments for all production RDS databases. ✔ Use read replicas to offload read-heavy operations. ✔ Set up automatic backups and enable point-in-time recovery.

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🔹 Step 3: Using Amazon Route 53 for Global Resilience & Performance

✔ Why? – SecureCart uses Route 53 to ensure customers are always routed to the best-performing AWS Region.

Route 53 Feature	Purpose	SecureCart Implementation
Latency-Based Routing	Directs users to the lowest-latency AWS Region.	Routes European customers to EU-Central-1 and US customers to US-East-1.
Geolocation Routing	Routes traffic based on users’ locations.	Ensures compliance by serving EU users from EU-based data centers.
Weighted Routing	Distributes traffic based on configured percentages.	Gradually shifts traffic to a new deployment during a migration.
Failover Routing	Automatically redirects traffic if the primary endpoint fails.	Redirects API traffic to the backup region in case of failure.
Health Checks	Monitors endpoint availability and triggers failover.	Ensures checkout API availability by redirecting traffic when failures occur.

✅ Best Practices: ✔ Use latency-based routing for improved performance. ✔ Implement failover routing to protect against regional outages. ✔ Enable health checks to automate disaster recovery processes.

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🔹 Step 4: Multi-Region & Multi-AZ Architecture for SecureCart

✔ Why? – SecureCart ensures high availability and disaster recovery using AWS’s distributed infrastructure.

Multi-Region Strategy	Purpose	SecureCart Implementation
Active-Active	Distributes traffic across multiple AWS Regions.	Ensures checkout service is available in both US-East-1 & US-West-2.
Active-Passive	Primary region serves traffic, secondary region is standby.	Keeps a backup system in AP-Southeast-1 for disaster recovery.
Read Replicas	Distributes database reads across multiple regions.	DynamoDB Global Tables sync product catalogs across regions.

✅ Best Practices: ✔ Deploy web servers across multiple AZs to avoid failures. ✔ Use RDS Multi-AZ for database failover. ✔ Enable automatic failover using Route 53.

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🔹 Step 5: Optimizing Performance with AWS Edge & Hybrid Solutions

✔ Why? – SecureCart enhances performance using AWS’s global edge network and hybrid solutions.

AWS Edge & Hybrid Solution	Purpose	SecureCart Use Case
AWS CloudFront (CDN)	Caches and serves static & dynamic content globally.	Delivers product images & JavaScript assets with low latency.
AWS Global Accelerator	Optimizes routing for low-latency connections.	Speeds up checkout requests by directing users to the closest region.
AWS Direct Connect	Establishes a private, dedicated network connection to AWS.	Enables secure, low-latency connections for SecureCart’s warehouse systems.
AWS Outposts	Extends AWS services to on-premises environments.	Connects SecureCart’s retail stores with AWS cloud-based inventory systems.

✅ Best Practices: ✔ Use CloudFront’s edge caching to reduce backend load and improve speed. ✔ Enable AWS Global Accelerator for faster, optimized routing. ✔ Implement AWS Direct Connect for stable, private networking to AWS.

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🔹 Step 6: Monitoring & Security in a Distributed AWS Environment

✔ Why? – SecureCart monitors and secures its global infrastructure using AWS-native tools.

AWS Monitoring Tool	Purpose	SecureCart Use Case
Amazon CloudWatch	Monitors application performance.	Tracks latency across regions to optimize routing.
AWS X-Ray	Traces requests across microservices.	Identifies performance bottlenecks in order fulfillment.
AWS Shield & WAF	Protects against DDoS and malicious traffic.	Prevents bot attacks on checkout & payment APIs.

✅ Best Practices: ✔ Monitor latency metrics across regions using CloudWatch. ✔ Enable AWS WAF & Shield for DDoS protection. ✔ Leverage AWS IAM & SCPs to restrict unauthorized access.

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🚀 Summary

✔ Use AWS Regions & AZs to distribute workloads for HA & low latency. ✔ Implement Multi-AZ RDS for automatic database failover. ✔ Leverage Route 53 for global traffic routing, failover, and load balancing. ✔ Use CloudFront, Global Accelerator, & Direct Connect for performance optimization. ✔ Deploy multi-region architectures for resilience and compliance. ✔ Use AWS Disaster Recovery solutions for business continuity.

Scenario:

SecureCart must design a globally distributed e-commerce platform that provides high availability (HA) and fault tolerance (FT).

Key Learning Objectives:

✅ Understand AWS Regions & Availability Zones for resilience ✅ Implement multi-region architectures using Route 53 ✅ Use AWS services for distributed design patterns

Hands-on Labs:

1️⃣ Deploy a Multi-Region Application Using Route 53 Latency-Based Routing 2️⃣ Configure Route 53 Health Checks for Global Failover 3️⃣ Set Up Multi-AZ RDS for Database High Availability

🔹 Outcome: SecureCart deploys a global architecture ensuring reliability and low-latency access.