# AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall)

AWS Web Application Firewall (**AWS WAF**) is a **managed security service** that helps **protect web applications and APIs** from common attacks such as: ✔ **SQL Injection (SQLi)**\
✔ **Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)**\
✔ **DDoS Attacks**\
✔ **Bot Traffic & Credential Stuffing**\
✔ **Malicious IPs & Automated Threats**

SecureCart uses **AWS WAF** to enhance security for its **e-commerce website, APIs, and content delivery**.

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### **📌 SecureCart’s AWS WAF Implementation Goals**

🔹 **Protect SecureCart’s user data & transactions** from cyber threats.\
🔹 **Prevent unauthorized scraping** of product catalog & customer data.\
🔹 **Block malicious bot traffic** from automated attacks.\
🔹 **Ensure high availability** by mitigating DDoS attacks.\
🔹 **Secure APIs from unauthorized access & abuse.**

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### **📌 AWS WAF Key Features**

| **Feature**                         | **Description**                                            |
| ----------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Web ACLs (Access Control Lists)** | Define security rules to allow, block, or monitor traffic. |
| **Managed Rule Groups**             | Preconfigured AWS & third-party rules for common threats.  |
| **Rate-Based Rules**                | Throttle excessive requests to prevent bot attacks.        |
| **IP Set Rules**                    | Block/Allow specific IPs or CIDR ranges.                   |
| **Regex Pattern Sets**              | Match patterns in headers, URLs, and query parameters.     |
| **Geo Match Rules**                 | Block/Allow requests based on geographic location.         |
| **Bot Control**                     | Detects & mitigates bot-generated traffic.                 |
| **Logging & Monitoring**            | Sends logs to CloudWatch, S3, or Kinesis for analysis.     |

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### **📌 SecureCart Use Cases for AWS WAF**

#### **1️⃣ Securing SecureCart’s E-Commerce Website (ALB)**

📌 **Scenario:** SecureCart’s customers access the shopping site via an **Application Load Balancer (ALB)**. The site is vulnerable to **SQL Injection, XSS, and brute-force login attacks**.

✔ **AWS WAF Solution:**\
🔹 Attach **AWS WAF Web ACL** to the **ALB**.\
🔹 Enable **AWS Managed Rules for SQL Injection & XSS Protection**.\
🔹 Implement **Rate-Based Rules** to block repeated login attempts from the same IP.\
🔹 Use **Geo Match Rules** to block traffic from restricted regions.

✅ **Outcome:**\
✔ **SQL Injection & XSS attacks are blocked** before they reach the backend.\
✔ **Brute-force login attempts are mitigated** with rate-based limiting.\
✔ **Unwanted traffic from high-risk regions is restricted**.

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#### **2️⃣ Protecting SecureCart’s API Gateway**

📌 **Scenario:** SecureCart’s mobile app and partner integrations rely on **Amazon API Gateway** for accessing customer orders, payment processing, and user authentication. Attackers might attempt **API abuse, credential stuffing, and unauthorized access**.

✔ **AWS WAF Solution:**\
🔹 Attach **AWS WAF Web ACL** to **API Gateway**.\
🔹 Use **IP Set Rules** to allow access **only from trusted partners**.\
🔹 Implement **Rate-Based Rules** to prevent excessive API requests from abusive clients.\
🔹 Use **Token Validation Rules** to block unauthorized API calls.

✅ **Outcome:**\
✔ **SecureCart’s API is protected from abuse & excessive requests.**\
✔ **Only trusted clients can interact with SecureCart’s APIs.**

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#### **3️⃣ Preventing Content Theft on SecureCart’s CloudFront CDN**

📌 **Scenario:** SecureCart uses **Amazon CloudFront** to serve product images, videos, and customer reviews globally. The company wants to prevent **unauthorized content scraping** and **malicious bot traffic**.

✔ **AWS WAF Solution:**\
🔹 Attach **AWS WAF Web ACL** to **CloudFront Distribution**.\
🔹 Use **AWS WAF Bot Control** to detect & block automated bot traffic.\
🔹 Implement **Rate-Based Rules** to throttle **excessive image requests**.\
🔹 Use **Geo Match Rules** to block access from unauthorized regions.

✅ **Outcome:**\
✔ **Content scraping is blocked without affecting real users.**\
✔ **CloudFront resources are protected from bot attacks.**

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### **📌 AWS WAF Deployment Architecture for SecureCart**

AWS WAF sits **in front of** AWS services like: ✔ **Amazon CloudFront** → Protects SecureCart’s content delivery.\
✔ **Application Load Balancer (ALB)** → Secures SecureCart’s web application.\
✔ **Amazon API Gateway** → Filters API requests before reaching backend services.

#### **SecureCart AWS WAF Traffic Flow**

1️⃣ **User requests SecureCart resources** (web app, API, or media).\
2️⃣ **AWS WAF Web ACL evaluates the request**.\
3️⃣ **If the request matches a security rule**, it is **blocked, allowed, or monitored**.\
4️⃣ **If allowed, the request reaches CloudFront, ALB, or API Gateway**.

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### **📌 AWS WAF Rule Types with SecureCart Use Cases**

| **Rule Type**         | **SecureCart Use Case**                                                          |
| --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **IP Set Rule**       | Allow trusted partners’ IPs while blocking suspicious sources.                   |
| **Rate-Based Rule**   | Throttle excessive requests to prevent bot traffic & brute-force login attempts. |
| **String Matching**   | Block requests containing SQL Injection or XSS attack patterns.                  |
| **Geo Match Rule**    | Restrict access to SecureCart APIs from unauthorized countries.                  |
| **Regex Pattern Set** | Detect patterns in URL queries to prevent API abuse.                             |

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### **📌 Best Practices for SecureCart’s AWS WAF Deployment**

✅ **Use AWS Managed Rules** for **OWASP Top 10 protections**.\
✅ **Enable Rate-Based Rules** to mitigate **brute-force attacks**.\
✅ **Monitor AWS WAF logs in CloudWatch** to analyze traffic patterns.\
✅ **Use AWS WAF Bot Control** to block **automated threats**.\
✅ **Deploy AWS WAF across ALB, CloudFront, and API Gateway**.

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### **📌 Common AWS WAF Mistakes & How SecureCart Avoids Them**

⚠️ **Not monitoring WAF logs** → SecureCart integrates AWS WAF logs with **CloudWatch & Security Hub**.\
⚠️ **Blocking legitimate traffic** → SecureCart **tests rules in count mode** before enforcing them.\
⚠️ **Ignoring bot traffic** → SecureCart enables **AWS WAF Bot Control** for real-time bot detection.\
⚠️ **Not using rate-limiting** → SecureCart **applies Rate-Based Rules** for API Gateway protection.

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### **📌 Summary**

AWS WAF is an essential security service for SecureCart, protecting **web applications, APIs, and CloudFront** from cyber threats.

✅ **Web Application Protection (ALB)** → Blocks **SQL Injection, XSS, and brute-force logins**.\
✅ **API Security (API Gateway)** → Prevents **unauthorized API requests and bot abuse**.\
✅ **Content Security (CloudFront)** → Stops **scraping and malicious traffic**.